Country Risk

Updated Oct 23, 2026 45 series

Firm-level country risk similar to Hassan, Schreger, Schwedeler & Tahoun (REStud, 2023).

Based on peer-reviewed research The Review of Economic Studies, 2023

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At a glance

Coverage

Public companies

Period
Since Jan 2002
Updates
Quarterly
Files

CSV: time series, firm panel

Source

English earnings calls

Overview

Country Risk is the maintained continuation of the call-level country risk measures introduced in Hassan, Schreger, Schwedeler, and Tahoun (2023, The Review of Economic Studies), which backs the NLA Country Risk measure. For each earnings call and each of the 45 economies covered, it scores how much risk or uncertainty executives and analysts associate with that country, recomputed as a single continuous panel from 2002 forward so you do not need to splice the historical country-risk.net archive (which ends in 2020-Q4) onto newer updates.

Use it to

  • Measure how firms headquartered in one country perceive risk in another country (cross-border transmission).
  • Compare local executives' risk perceptions of their home economy against foreign firms' perceptions of the same country.
  • Extend empirical specifications based on the country-risk.net archive past 2020-Q4 using a single consistent panel.
  • Aggregate firm-country-quarter scores into country, sector, or global risk indicators.

What it does not measure

  • Measures weighted country-linked risk discussion in earnings calls, not sovereign default probabilities or credit ratings.
  • Covers the 45 largest economies from the original study; 11 smaller EIU economies with sparse call mentions are excluded.
  • Call-level CSV exports ship unscaled weighted risk counts alongside transcript word counts (nr_of_words); researchers must normalize by word count and aggregate to firm-quarters if replicating the published panel's scale.

Explore the data

What to look for

In the featured United States series, weighted risk discussion rises sharply during the global financial crisis (peaking at 16.6 in Q3 2009), reaches a decade low in Q3 2018 (11.8), surges to its all-time high during the COVID-19 pandemic and US policy transition (18.4 in Q1 2021), and climbs again in late 2025 (15.0 in Q4 2025).

Click the chart to open the series, where you can filter it by headquarters country.

CountryRisk: United States (v1.1) over time

Date range: January 1, 2002 to September 30, 2026.

Time-series chart for CountryRisk: United States (v1.1) over time.
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Mean weighted risk matches per earnings call, measured in Weighted matches, shown quarterly using a 4-quarter moving average. Q1 2002 to Q3 2026, 99 data points. Higher values mean more weighted risk discussion, not a probability or comprehensive risk rating. These values reflect weighted risk discussion, not a probability or a comprehensive risk rating.

Explore series

Series

45 total

Browse the related series and open any series for its full query, filters, and methodology notes.

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Methodology and data

How closely it matches the published series

Computed against the CountryRisk series in the published firm-country-quarter panel distributed at country-risk.net on the matched overlap ($N = 321,048$ matched firm-quarters per country across all 76 quarters from 2002-Q1 through 2020-Q4):

CountryRisk, Pearson correlation Average Lowest Highest
Firm-quarter (within country) 0.933 0.748 (Israel) 0.974 (Hungary)
Aggregate (quarterly) 0.983 0.932 (Israel) 0.995 (Greece)

At the firm level, 43 of the 45 countries exceed a correlation of 0.85; the two exceptions—Israel (0.748) and Taiwan (0.786)—correlate at 0.932 and 0.965 after quarterly aggregation. The comparison scales call-level scores by transcript word count, collapses to quarterly firm means, and carries gaps forward as in the original import pipeline. The MIT-licensed script in our countryrisk-correlations GitHub repository reproduces every number in this table from the firm-level files on this page and the public archive at country-risk.net.

What is the same, and what is different

Verified directly against the original implementation, the following are identical:

  • Scoring rule: Every occurrence of a country term is a center, risk or uncertainty synonyms are counted in the ±10-word window around it (with the country term's own tokens included), and each occurrence contributes the country term's tf-idf weight multiplied by that risk-word count.
  • Lexicons: The per-country tf-idf keyword libraries, weights, and Oxford Thesaurus risk/uncertainty synonym set match the published paper.
  • Masking and case rules: Window geometry for one- and two-word country names, case-sensitive country matching, per-occurrence accumulation, and special-case masking (excluding "Gulf of Mexico" from Mexico) match the original code.

Remaining differences affect sample mapping and downstream scaling rather than the scoring formula:

  • Tokenization: Punctuation-split word boundaries with digits retained; a small number of de-accented institutional terms and rare 3+ word entries do not match, with negligible effect on earnings calls.
  • Sample composition: Updated mapping to gvkey and headquarters country accounts for most of the remaining call-level difference and averages out in quarterly aggregates.
  • Transcript length and safe-harbor rules: No minimum-length filter on very short transcripts, and minor differences in one safe-harbor boilerplate rule.
  • Scale and panel structure: Each CSV row is one earnings call in one country series with earningscallID, calendar date, UTC start time, company identifiers (gvkey, isin, tickersymbol, headquarters country), raw weighted risk score, and transcript word count (nr_of_words). To match the published panel's scale, multiply the raw score by 100,000, divide by nr_of_words, average to firm-quarter, and apply your preferred gap-fill rule.

References

Hassan, T. & Schreger, J. & Schwedeler, M. & Tahoun, A., "Sources and Transmission of Country Risk," The Review of Economic Studies, 91(4):2307-2346 (2023)

NL Analytics. (2025). Country Risk [Data set]. NL Analytics. https://apps.nlanalytics.tech/curated-measures/country-risk/